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TYLOR, Edward B. PRIMITIVE CULTURE. Second American Edition. 2 vols. New York: 1877.
ZIMMERN, Heinrich. BABYLONISCHE BUSSPSALMEN, umschrieben, ?bersetzt und erkl?rt. 17 pages, 4to. Leipzig: 1885.
Numerous Essays by Sir Henry Rawlinson, Friedr. Delitzsch, E. Schrader and others, in Mr. Geo. Rawlinson's translation of Herodotus, in the Calwer Bibellexikon, and in various periodicals, such as "Proceedings" and "Transactions" of the "Society of Biblical Archaeology," "Jahrb?cher f?r Protestantische Theologie," "Zeitschrift f?r Keilschriftforschung," "Gazette Arch?ologique," and others.
INTRODUCTION.
MESOPOTAMIA.--THE MOUNDS.--THE FIRST SEARCHERS.
FOOTNOTES:
Layard's "Discoveries at Nineveh," Introduction.
LAYARD AND HIS WORK.
A description of the removal of the colossal bulls and lions which were shipped to England and now are safely housed in the British Museum, ought by rights to form the close of a chapter devoted to "Layard and his work." But the reference must suffice; the vivid and entertaining narrative should be read in the original, as the passages are too long for transcription, and would be marred by quoting.
FOOTNOTES:
"Nineveh and its Remains," and "Discoveries in Nineveh and Babylon."
See Figure 15, on p. 53.
See Figures 5, 6, and 7.
THE RUINS.
FOOTNOTES:
Ur of the Chaldees, from which Abraham went forth.
Figure 10.
Figure 71, p. 281.
See Fig. 20, p. 63. There is but one exception, in the case of a recent exploration, during which one solitary broken column-shaft was discovered.
See Fig. 33, p. 83.
Figures 34 and 35, p. 84.
Figs. 37 and 38, p. 87.
Fig. 39, p. 89.
See Fig. 59, p. 217.
See Figs. 44 and 45, p. 101.
THE BOOK OF THE PAST.--THE LIBRARY OF NINEVEH.
And each such book of brick and stone we can with perfect truth call a chapter--or a volume--of the great Book of the Past whose leaves are scattered over the face of the earth.
FOOTNOTES:
See Fig. 48, p. 111.
See above, Figs. 49 and 50.
"Les ?critures Cun?iformes," of Joachim M?nant: page 198 .
THE STORY OF CHALDEA.
NOMADS AND SETTLERS.--THE FOUR STAGES OF CULTURE.
The early history of Chaldea is a particularly good illustration of all that has just been said.
FOOTNOTES:
Genesis, xiii. 7-11.
Genesis, xxxvi. 6-7.
Shinar--or, more correctly, Shine?r--is what may be called Babylonia proper, that part of Mesopotamia where Babylon was, and south of it, almost to the Gulf. "They" are descendants of Noah, long after the Flood. They found the plain and dwelt there, but they did not find the whole land desert; it had been occupied long before them. How long? For such remote ages an exact valuation of time in years is not to be thought of.
FOOTNOTES:
TURANIAN CHALDEA.--SHUMIR AND ACCAD.--THE BEGINNINGS OF RELIGION.
"Spirit of Heaven , be they conjured!
"Spirit of Earth , be they conjured!"
"The Disease of the Head has issued from the Abyss, from the dwelling of the Lord of the Abyss."
Then follow the symptoms and the description of the sufferer's inability to help himself. Then "Meridug has looked on his misery. He has entered the dwelling of his father ?a, and has spoken unto him:
"'My father, the Disease of the Head has issued from the Abyss.'
"A second time he has spoken unto him:
"'What he must do against it the man knows not. How shall he find healing?'
"?a has replied to his son Meridug:
"'My son, how dost thou not know? What should I teach thee? What I know, thou also knowest. But come hither, my son Meridug. Take a bucket, fill it with water from the mouth of the rivers; impart to this water thy exalted magic power; sprinkle with it the man, son of his god, ... wrap up his head, ... and on the highway pour it out. May insanity be dispelled! that the disease of his head vanish like a phantom of the night. May ?a's word drive it out! May Damkina heal him.'"
"The white cedar is the tree which breaks the Maskim's noxious might."
In fact the white cedar was considered an infallible defence against all spells and evil powers. Any action or ceremony described in the conjuration must of course be performed even as the words are spoken. Then there is a long one, perhaps the best preserved of all, to be recited by the sufferer, who is supposed to be under the effects of an evil spell, and from which it is evident that the words are to accompany actions performed by the conjurer. It is divided into parallel verses, of which the first runs thus:
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