Read Ebook: The Evidence in the Case A Discussion of the Moral Responsibility for the War of 1914 as Disclosed by the Diplomatic Records of England Germany Russia by Beck James M James Montgomery Choate Joseph Hodges Author Of Introduction Etc

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PAGE

INTRODUCTION v

FOREWORD xv

THE WITNESSES xxvii

THE SUPREME COURT OF CIVILIZATION

Existence of the Court--The conscience of mankind--The philosophy of Bernhardi--The recrudescence of Machiavelliism--Treitschke and Bernhardi's doctrine--Recent utterances of the Kaiser, Crown Prince, and representative officials--George Bernard Shaw's defense--Concrete illustration of Bernhardiism 1

THE RECORD IN THE CASE

THE SUPPRESSED EVIDENCE

No apparent suppression by England, Russia, and Belgium--Suppression by Germany of vital documents--Suppression by Austria of entire record--Significance of such suppression 27

GERMANY'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE AUSTRIAN ULTIMATUM

Silence which preceded ultimatum--Europe's ignorance of impending developments--Duty to civilization--Germany's prior knowledge of ultimatum--Its disclaimer to Russia, France, and England of any responsibility--Contradictory admission in its official defense--Further confirmation in Germany's simultaneous threat to the Powers--Further confirmation in its confidential notice to States of Germany to prepare for eventualities 31

THE AUSTRIAN ULTIMATUM TO SERVIA

Extreme brutality of ultimatum--Limited time given to Servia and Europe for consideration--Ultimatum and Servia's reply contrasted in parallel columns--Relative size of two nations--Germany's intimations to Servia--Brutality of ultimatum shown by analogy--Disclaimer of intention to take territory valueless 47

THE PEACE PARLEYS

Possibility of peace not embarrassed by popular clamor--Difficulties of peaceful solution not insuperable--Policy of Germany and Austria--Russia's and England's request for time--Germany's refusal to co?perate--Germany's and Austria's excuses for refusal to give extension of time--Berchtold's absence from Vienna--Austria's alleged disclaimer of territorial expansion--Sazonof's conference with English and French Ambassadors--Their conciliatory counsel to Servia--Servia's pacific reply to ultimatum--Austria, without considering Servian reply, declares war--England proposes suspension of hostilities for peace parleys--Germany refuses--Its specious reasons--Germany's untenable position as to localization of conflict--England's proposal for a conference--Germany's refusal--Austria declines all intervention, refusing to discuss Servian note--Germany supports her with a quibble as to name of conference--Russia proposes further discussion on basis of Servian note--Russia then again proposes European conference--Austria and Germany decline 61

THE ATTITUDE OF FRANCE

THE INTERVENTION OF THE KAISER

The Kaiser's return to Berlin--His inconsistent record and complex personality--German Foreign Office deprecates his return--Its many blunders--The Kaiser takes the helm--He telegraphs the Czar--The Czar's reply--The Kaiser's second telegram--His untenable position--The Czar's explanation of military preparations and pledge that no provocative action would be taken by Russia--King George's telegram proposing temporary occupation by Austria of Belgrade pending further peace negotiations--The Kaiser's reply--The Kaiser's telegram to the Czar demanding Russian discontinuance of military preparations--His insistence upon unilateral conditions--Germany's preparations for war--Its offer to England to insure its neutrality--England's reply--Russia's offer to stop conditionally military preparations--England requests Germany to suggest any peace formula--Austria expresses willingness to discuss with Russia Servian note--Motives of Austria for this reversal of policy--The Kaiser sends ultimatum to Russia--The Czar's last appeal--The Kaiser's reply--Russia's inability to recall mobilization--England's last efforts for peace--Germany declares war--The Czar's telegram to King George 138

THE CASE OF BELGIUM

The verdict of history not affected by result of war--Belgium at outbreak of war--The Treaty of 1839--Its affirmation by Bismarck--France's action in 1871--Reaffirmation by Germany of Belgian neutrality in 1911-1914--The Hague Peace Conference of 1907--England asks Germany's and France's intentions with respect to Belgium's neutrality--France replies--Germany's refusal to reply--Germany's second offer to England--Germany's ultimatum to Belgium--Belgium's reply--France's offer of five army corps--Belgium refuses aid--Germany's declaration of war against Belgium--The German Chancellor's explanation in the Reichstag--The Belgian King appeals to England--England's ultimatum to Germany--The "scrap of paper" incident--England declares war against Germany--The apologies for Germany's action discussed--Belgium's rights independent of Treaty of 1839 or The Hague Convention--Germany's allegation that France had violated Belgium's neutrality an afterthought--Von Mach's plea for the suspension of judgment--The Brussels documents discussed--The negotiations between England and Belgium--The German Chancellor's belated explanation of the "scrap of paper" phrase--Invasion of Belgium a recrudescence of Machiavelliism--The great blunder of Germany's diplomats and soldiers 196

THE JUDGMENT OF THE WORLD

The completeness of the evidence--The force of public opinion--The judgment of neutral States--The United States as a moral arbiter--A summary of the probable verdict of history 246

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