Read Ebook: The Life of Abraham Lincoln from His Birth to His Inauguration as President by Lamon Ward Hill

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Ebook has 1567 lines and 220121 words, and 32 pages

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INTRODUCTION 1

EGYPT.

Historical Standard of Time--Short Date inconsistent with Evolution--Laws of Historical Evidence--History begins with Authentic Records--Records of Egypt oldest--Manetho's Lists--Confirmed by Hieroglyphics--Origin of Writing--The Alphabet--Phonetic Writing--Clue to Hieroglyphics--The Rosetta Stone--Champollion--Principles of Hieroglyphic Writing--Language Coptic--Can be read with certainty--Confirmed by Monuments--Manetho's Date for Menes 5004 B.C.--Old, Middle, and New Empires--Old Empire, Menes, to end of Sixth Dynasty--Break between Old and Middle Empires--Works of Twelfth Dynasty--Fayoum--Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties--Hyksos Conquests--Duration of Hyksos Rule--Their Expulsion and Foundation of New Empire--Conquests in Asia of Seventeenth and Eighteenth Dynasties--Wars with Hittites and Assyrians--Persian and Greek Dynasties--Summary of Evidence for Date of Menes--Period prior to Menes--Horsheshu--Sphynx--Stone Age--Neolithic and Palaeolithic Remains--Horner, Haynes, and Pitt-Rivers 5

CHALDAEA.

OTHER HISTORICAL RECORDS.

ANCIENT RELIGIONS.

Egypt--Book of the Dead--Its Morality--Metaphysical Character--Origins of Religions--Ghosts--Animism--Astronomy and Astrology--Morality--Pantheism and Polytheism--Egyptian Ideas of Future Life and Judgment--Egyptian Genesis--Divine Emanations--Plurality of Gods and Animal Worship--Sun Worship and Solar Myths--Knowledge of Astronomy--Orientation of Pyramids--Theory of Future Life--the Ka--the Soul--Confession of Faith before Osiris.

Chaldaean Religion--Oldest Form Accadian--Shamanism--Growth of Philosophical Religion--Astronomy and Astrology--Accadian Trinities--Anu, Mull-il, Ea--Twelve great Gods--Bel-Ishtar--Merodach--Assur--Pantheism--Wordsworth--Magic and Omens--Penitential Psalms--Conclusions from 105

ANCIENT SCIENCE AND ART.

PREHISTORIC TRADITIONS.

THE HISTORICAL ELEMENT IN THE OLD TESTAMENT.

Moral and Religious distinct from Historical Inspiration--Myth and Allegory--The Higher Criticism--All Ancient History unconfirmed by Monuments untrustworthy--Cyrus--Old Testament and Monuments--Jerusalem--Tablet of Tell-el-Amarna--Flinders Petrie's Exploration of Pre-Hebrew Cities--Ramses and Pi-thom--First certain Synchronism Rehoboam--Composite Structure of Old Testament--Elohist and Jehovist--Priests' Code--Canon Driver--Results--Book of Chronicles--Methods of Jewish Historians--Post-Exilic References--Tradition of Esdras--Nehemiah and Ezra--Foundation of Modern Judaism--Different from Pre-Exilic--Discovery of Book of the Law under Josiah--Deuteronomy--Earliest Sacred Writings--Conclusions--Aristocratic and Prophetic Schools--Triumph of Pietism with Exile--Both compiled partly from Old Materials--Crudeness and Barbarism of Parts--Pre-Abrahamic Period clearly mythical--Derived from Chaldaea--Abraham--Unhistoric Character--His Age--Lot's Wife--His double Adventure with Sarah--Abraham to Moses--Sojourn in Egypt--Discordant Chronology--Josephus' Quotation from Manetho--Small Traces of Egyptian Influence--Future Life--Legend of Joseph--Moses--Osarsiph--Life of Moses full of Fabulous Legends--His Birth--Plagues of Egypt--The Exodus--Colenso--Contradictions and Impossibilities--Immoralities--Massacres--Joshua and the Judges--Barbarisms and Absurdities--Only safe Conclusion no History before the Monarchy--David and Solomon--Comparatively Modern Date 209

GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY.

THE GLACIAL PERIOD AND CROLL'S THEORY.

QUATERNARY MAN.

No longer doubted--Men not only existed, but in numbers and widely spread--Palaeolithic Implements of similar Type found everywhere--Progress shown--Tests of Antiquity--Position of Strata--Fauna--Oldest Types--Mixed Northern and Southern Species--Reindeer Period--Correspondence of Human Remains with these Three Periods--Advance of Civilization--Clothing and Barbed Arrows--Drawing and Sculpture--Passage into Neolithic and Recent Periods--Corresponding Progress of Physical Man--Distinct Races--How tested--Tests applied to Historical, Neolithic, and Palaeolithic Man--Long Heads and Broad Heads--Aryan Controversy--Primitive European Types--Canon Taylor--Huxley--Preservation of Human Remains depends mainly on Burials--About forty Skulls and Skeletons known from Quaternary Times--Summary of Results--Quatrefages and Hamy--Races of Canstadt--Cro-Magnon--Furfooz--Truchere--Skeletons of Neanderthal and Spy--Canstadt Type oldest--Cro-Magnon Type next--Skeleton of Cro-Magnon--Broad-headed and Short Race resembling Lapps--American Type--No Evidence from Asia, Africa, India, Polynesia, and Australia--Negroes, Negrillos, and Negritos--Summary of Results 317

TERTIARY MAN.

Definition of Periods--Passage from Pliocene to Quaternary--Scarcity of Human Remains in Tertiary--Denudation--Evidence from Caves wanting--Tertiary Man a necessary inference from widespread existence of Quaternary Man--Both equally inconsistent with Genesis--Was the first great Glaciation Pliocene or Quaternary?--Section of Perrier--Confirms Croll's Theory--Elephas Meridionalis--Mammoth--St. Prest--Cut Bones--Instances of Tertiary Man--Halitherium--Balaeonotus--Puy-Courny--Thenay--Evidence for--Proofs of Human Agency--Latest Conclusions--Gaudry's Theory--Dryopithecus--Type of Tertiary Man--Skeleton of Castelnedolo--Shows no approach to the Missing Link--Contrary to Theory of Evolution--Must be sought in the Eocene--Evidence from the New World--Glacial Period in America--Palaeolithic Implements--Quaternary Man--Similar to Europe--California--Conditions different--Auriferous Gravels--Volcanic Eruptions--Enormous Denudation--Great Antiquity--Flora and Fauna--Point to Tertiary Age--Discovery of Human Remains--Table Mountain--Latest Finds--Calaveras Skull--Summary of Evidence--Other Evidence--Tuolumne--Brazil--Buenos Ayres--Nampa Images--Take us farther from First Origins and the Missing Link--If Darwin's Theory applies to Man, must go back to the Eocene 343

RACES OF MANKIND.

Monogeny or Polygeny--Darwin--Existing Races--Colour--Hair--Skulls and Brains--Dolichocephali and Brachycephali--Jaws and Teeth--Stature--Other Tests--Isaac Taylor--Prehistoric Types in Europe--Huxley's Classification--Language no Test of Race--Egyptian Monuments--Human and Animal Races unchanged for 6000 years--Neolithic Races--Palaeolithic--Different Races of Man as far back as we can trace--Types of Canstadt, Cro-Magnon, and Furfooz--Oldest Races Dolichocephalic--Skulls of Neanderthal and Spy--Simian Characters--Objections--Evidence confined to Europe--American Man--Calaveras Skull--Tertiary Man--Skull of Castelnedolo--Leaves Monogeny or Polygeny an open Question--Arguments on each side--Old Arguments from the Bible and Philology exploded--What Darwinian Theory requires--Animal Types traced up to the Eocene--Secondary Origins--Dog and Horse--Fertility of Races--Question of Hybridity--Application to Man--Difference of Constitutions--Negro and White--Bearing on Question of Migration--Apes and Monkeys--Question of Original Locality of Man--Asiatic Theory--Eur-African--American--Arctic--None based on sufficient Evidence--Mere Speculations--Conclusion--Summary of Evidence as to Human Origins 391

TABLET OF SNEFURA AT WADY MAGERAH 17

SPECIMEN OF HIEROGLYPHIC ALPHABET 19

PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH AND SPHYNX 24

FELLAH WOMAN AND HEAD OF SECOND HYKSOS STATUE 28

HYKSOS SPHYNX 28

STATUE OF PRINCE RAHOTEP'S WIFE 38

KHUFU-ANKH AND HIS SERVANTS--EARLY EGYPTIANS 39

CUNEIFORM 46

SYMBOLS 48

CYLINDER SEAL OF SARGON I 56

HEAD OF ANCIENT CHALDAEAN 60

STATUE OF GUD-EA, WITH INSCRIPTION 61

KING OF THE HITTITES 82

CHIEF OF PUNT AND TWO MEN 93

QUEEN SENDING WARRIOR TO BATTLE 102

ADAM, EVE, AND THE SERPENT 103

JUDGMENT OF THE SOUL BY OSIRIS 113

PYRAMID 141

ZIGGURAT RESTORED 151

THE VILLAGE SHEIK 164

PALAEOLITHIC CELT 319

PALAEOLITHIC CELT IN ARGILLITE 319

PALAEOLITHIC FLINT CELT 322

PALAEOLITHIC CELT OF QUARTZITE FROM NATAL 322

PORTRAIT OF MAMMOTH 328

EARLIEST PORTRAIT OF A MAN WITH SERPENTS AND HORSES' HEADS 328

REINDEER FEEDING 328

ARROW-HEADS 352

CUTS WITH FLINT KNIFE ON RIB OF BALAEONOTUS--PLIOCENE 354

CUT MAGNIFIED BY MICROSCOPE 354

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