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Read Ebook: Graining and Marbling A Series of Practical Treatises on Material Tools and Appliances Used; General Operations; Preparing Oil Graining Colors; Mixing; Rubbing; Applying Distemper Colors; Wiping Out; Penciling; The Use of Crayons; Review of Woods; The Gra by Maire F Frederick
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Ebook has 267 lines and 32561 words, and 6 pages
GRAINING AND MARBLING
A Series of Practical Treatises
Each Treatise is followed with Test Questions for the Student
ILLUSTRATED
CHICAGO Frederick J. Drake & Company PUBLISHERS
COPYRIGHT 1910 BY FREDERICK J. DRAKE
PREFACE
This is the 4th Volume of the Red series manuals. It covers a field which usually is or rather was made a separate branch of the painting business. It has become of less importance however since the white pine finishing of interiors has been replaced by that of hardwood. It is used to a great extent nevertheless and while there is less demand for the skill displayed by masters of the art of graining as existed in the past, a good general workman is incomplete that cannot do a fair to good job of graining today and all such should be able to do that much. A journeyman who is able to turn his hand at graining or marbling will usually be kept on the pay roll of the shop much longer than the man who can do nothing but ordinary brushwork. Marbling has been associated with graining because there is some few things that are in common between the two; the grainer is better equipped for the doing of marbling properly than painters who are not grainers--to say the least.
Graining
PRELIMINARIES.
Unlike general directions which can be given as to the painting of surfaces of wood, iron or brick, each of the various woods will have to be treated separately. These are a few operations which are common to all kinds of grainings--these will be given in full before proceeding to their special applications, suited to the various woods, as then the student will be more familiar with what is meant by this preliminary study of the methods used in doing "wiping" for instance or "veining" in heart growths with a brush, etc.
THE MATERIAL USED IN GRAINING.
TOOLS USED IN GRAINING AND MARBLING.
TOOLS USED IN GRAINING AND MARBLING--CONTINUED.
GENERAL OPERATIONS USED IN GRAINING.
PREPARING OIL GRAINING COLORS.
This is well and good for professionals, but it will hardly appeal to the ordinary grainer. He can grind up a little whiting and rotten stone and melted beeswax in turpentine and add enough to his color to answer his purpose.
With the present system of buying all colors as near ready for use as possible, color manufacturers prepare special oil graining colors ready for use by simply thinning. They come ready for all sorts of woods, and where the color is not just the shade wanted, the operator can easily add the one that is lacking to bring it to the right tone.
RUBBING IN.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GRAINING OPERATIONS--CONTINUED.
APPLYING THE DISTEMPER COLORS.
WIPING OUT IN GRAINING.
PENCILLING IN THE VEINING, ETC.
THE USE OF GRAINING ROLLERS, ETC.
After the completion of the work it must be varnished in order to hold it on, as any other distemper work must be.
CRAYONS FOR MAKING FINE VEINS.
GENERAL REVIEW OF WOODS.
On the other hand, nearly all woods that are classed in class two, but more especially those which are on the extreme side of that class should be stippled by all means, and the others are greatly helped by a partial stippling at least.
Included in as stippling must be added the check roller work, as this may be done in such a way as to replace the stippling done with the flogger for certain woods, in the graining of some peculiar specimen of quartered oak especially.
There is nor cannot be any better teacher than these samples will be. They need not cost much either. Frequently they can be obtained for a song at some of the furniture factories from ends that are too short for use in their regular work.
GRAINING OAK.
HEART GROWTH IN OIL.
The wiping should be done as advised in paragraphs 48 and 49. Then combed as stated in paragraphs 50 to 52.
GRAINING OAK HEART GROWTH IN DISTEMPER.
The check roller can be used to good advantage in putting in a few checks here and there, and a little fine stippling on the side away from where the main heart growth is to be pencilled in with the camel's hair brush will help the looks of it. When dry proceed to put in the heart growth, using the overgrainer wherever possible in doing the fine line work over the stippling. It goes without the saying that all the veining, both heart growth and fine lines, must be well blended with the badger hair brush.
OAK GRAINING--CONTINUED.
QUARTERED OAK GRAINING IN OIL.
Much more could be written as to the many various methods that are being used in the graining of oak, especially of quartered oak, but the space limit of this manual is too confined to attempt it. The directions given will suffice to indicate to the student how to proceed and as he progresses along, the variations in the manner of doing the work will suggest themselves to him and he will grow into them naturally.
GRAINING QUARTERED OAK IN DISTEMPER.
GRAINING ASH.
If it is finished in the natural color belonging to ash, the color of the ground can be made from ochre added to white lead as the base color, using more or less of it as a lighter or darker shade is desired.
GRAINING CHESTNUT AND MAPLE.
MAPLE.
GRAINING BIRD'S EYE MAPLE.
Much better and more natural ones can be put on with a fine pointed artist's sable brush, and when one has become habituated to their use they are very quickly made.
Again they may be put in with colored pencils of a tone deep enough to suit the rest of the work. This is more quickly done than with the sable brush, but the strokes cannot be varied as with that, and the more artistic graining requires their use. There are a number of other more or less mechanical processes used in producing the bird's eyes, but none surpass the one's described.
The veining is done with colored pencils as related in paragraph 104 and overgrained as described in paragraph 105.
In all cases where graining is done in distemper it is to be understood that the graining is to be varnished or receive a protecting coat of some kind or another, and as this is required in all cases of distemper graining it will not be repeated hereafter.
GRAINING SYCAMORE, CHERRY AND SATINWOOD.
CHERRY.
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