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VORARLBERG.

Introductory remarks on the use of myths, legends, and traditions; their imagery beyond imitation; have become a study; now a science; Prof. M. M?ller; Rev. G. W. Cox--Karl Blind on attractions for the English in Germanic mythology; mythological persons of Tirol--Mythological symbols in art; in poetry; Dante on popular traditions; their record of thoughts and customs; Tullio Dandolo; Depping; Tirolean peasants 1

Our introduction to Tirol--Excursions round Feldkirch; the Katzenthurm; St. Fidelis; St. Eusebius--Rankweil--Fridolins- kapelle--Valduna--S. Gerold--Route into Tirol by Lindau--Bregenz, birthplace of Flatz--Legend of Charlemagne; of Ulrich and Wendelgard--Ehreguota--Riedenberg school--the natural preserves of Lustenau--Merboth, Diedo, and Ilga--Embs; its chronicles; Swiss embroidery; Sulphur baths; Jews' synagogue--Lichtenstein; Vaduz; Hot sulphur-baths of Pf?ffers; Taminaschlund; Luziensteig 12

From Feldkirch to Innsbruck--The Pass of Frastanz; Shepherd lad's heroism; the traitor's fate--S. Joder and the Devil--Bludenz--Montafon; who gave it its arms--Prazalanz--The Tear-rill; Kirschwasser--Dalaas-- Silberthal--Das Bruederh?sle--Engineering of the Arlberg pass-- Stanzerthal--Hospice of St. Christof--Wiesburg--Ischgl; its 'skullery' --Landeck--Legend of Schrofenstein--Sharpshooter's monument--Auf dem Fern--Nassereit--Tschirgants Branch road to F?ssen--Plansee--Lechthal --Imst--Pitzthal--Growth of a modern legend--Heiterwang--Ehrenberger Klauze Archenthal--Vierzehn Nothhelfer 24

A border adventure; our party; our plans; our route--Aarau--Rorschach; its skeleton-Caryatidae--Oberriet--Our luggage overpowers the station- master--Our wild colt--Our disaster--Our walk--Our embroideress guide --The Rhine ferry--The Rhaetian Alps--Altenstadt--Schattenburg--British missionaries to Tirol--Feldkirch, festa, costumes--Our luggage again --Our new route--Our postilion--The Stase-saddle--The Devil's House --The Voralberger-ghost 39

NORTH TIROL--UNTERINNTHAL--.

KUFSTEIN TO ROTTENBURG.

NORTH TIROL--UNTERINNTHAL--.

THE ZILLERTHAL.

The Zillerthal--Conveyances--Etruscan remnant--Thurnegg and Tratzberg across the river--Strass--Corn or coin?--The two churches of Schlitters--Castles of the Zillerthal--The peace of Kropfsberg--'The only F?gen'--The patriot Riedl--Zell--Expulsion of Lutherans--Hippach--Hainzenberg; ultra co-operative gold mines--Mayrhof--Garnet mills--Mari?-Rastkapelle--Hulda--Tributary valleys--Duxerthal--Hinter-Dux--Hardiness of the people--Legends of the frozen wall--Dog's-throat valley--The Devil's path--The Zemmer glacier--Schwarzensteingrund 79

NORTH TIROL--UNTERINNTHAL--.

ZILLERTHAL CUSTOMS--THE WILDSCH?NAU.

Zillerthal customs--Games--Spirits play with gold skittles--Pedlar of Starkenberg--Dances: Schnodah?pfl: Hosennagler--Cow-fights-- Kirchtag--Primizen and Sekundizen--Carneval--Christnacht-- Kloubabrod--Sternsingen--G?macht--Weddings--Zutrinken--Customs of other valleys--The cat, patron of courtship 92

Kundl again--Wiltschenau--Niederaich--Kundlburg--Oberau--Niederrau --Thierberg--Silver-mines--Legends of dwarfs and Knappen--Moidl and the gold-cave--Legend of the Landmark--Der Umgehende Schuster-- Perchtl, Pilate's wife--Comparative mythologists--Wodin, Wilder J?ger, Wilhelm Tell--Symbolism in tales of enchanted Princesses-- Perahta, the daughter of Dagha--Brixlegg--Burgleckner--Claudia de' Medici--Biener's dying challenge--The Bienerweible--Sandbichler, the Bible-commentator 110

NORTH TIROL--UNTERINNTHAL.

LEFT INN-BANK.

Jenbach--Wiesing--Thiergarten--Kramsach--Brandenberger Ache-- Voldepp--The Mooserthal--The Mariathal--Rheinthalersee--Achenrain --Mariathal, village and ruined Dominican convent--Georg von Freundsberg--The Brandenbergerthal--Steinberg--Heimaththal, Freiheitthal--The gold-herds of the Reiche Spitze--Die Kalte Pein--Mariastein--The irremovable image--Jenbach--Wiesing--The Thiergarten--The Achenthal--The K?sbachthal--The Blue Achensee-- Skolastica--Pertisau--Buchau, Nature's imitation fortress-- Tegernsee--The Achen-pass--The judgment of Achensee--Playing at ball in St. Paul's cathedral--Legend of Wildenfeld--Eben--The escape of the vampire--Stans--Joseph Arnold--Tirolean artists-- The Stallenthal--St. Georgenberg--Unsere liebe Frau zur Linde-- Viecht, Benedictine monastery, library, sculpture--Vomperthal-- Sigmundslust--Sigismund the Monied--Terfens--Marialarch-- Volandseck--Thierberg--S. Michael's--S. Martin's--The Gnadenwald --Baumkirchen--Fritzens--External tokens of faith--The holy family at home--Frost phantoms--Hall; M?nzthurm; Sandwirthszwanziger; salt-works; Speckbacher; Waldaufischer- Kapelle; S. Saviour's; institutions of Hall--Johannisw?rmchen; Bauernkrieg--Excursions round Hall; the Salzberg; the explorations of the 'Fromme Ritter;' grandeur of the salt-mines; salt-works; visit of Hofer and Speckbacher; the Salzthal--Absam; the dragons of Schloss Melans; Count Spaur's ride to Babylon; combat with the toad--Max M?ller on legends--The image on the window-pane; the Gnadenmutter von Absam; Stainer the violin-maker --Mils--Gr?negg--Schneeberg--The Gnadenwald--The Glockenhof; the Glockengiesser; his temptation, condemnation, and dying request-- The Loreto-kirche--Heiligenkreuz--Taur--Th?rl--The Kaisers?ule-- St. Romedius, St. Vigilius and the bear; the spectre priest--Rum, landslip 125

NORTH TIROL--UNTERINNTHAL--.

SCHWATZ.

Schwatz, its situation; effigy of S. John Nepomuk; his example; the village frescoes; a hunt for a breakfast; the lessons of traveller's fare; market; church; its size disproportioned to the population; the reason of this--Schwatz a Roman station; silver-mines; prosperity; importance; influence of miners of Saxony; reformation; riots; polemical disputes; decline; copper and iron works; other industries; misfortunes. History of the parish church; peculiar construction; the Knappenhochaltar; monuments; Hans Dreyling; altar-pieces; Michaels-kapelle; its legend; churchyard; its reliquary and holy oil; the Robler and the gossip's corpse; penance and vision of the unmarried--Franciscan church--characteristics of the inns; singular use of the beds; guitar playing--Blessed Sacrament visits the sick--Freundsberg; the ruined castles of Tirol; Georg von Freundsberg; his prowess, strength, success; devotion of his men; sung of as a hero; his part in the siege of Rome, sudden death, and ruin of his house; tower; chapel--Weird-woman; her story; her legends; Oswald Milser of Seefeld; the bird-catcher of the Goaslahn; strange birds; chamois; the curse of the swallow--Hospital; chapel--Tobacco; factory girls at benediction--Pews in German churches 168

NORTH TIROL--UNTERINNTHAL--.

EXCURSIONS FROM SCHWATZ.

Falkenstein; exhausted mines; religious observances of miners; tokens of their craft--Buch--Margareth--Galzein--Kugelmoos--The Schwaderalpe --The Kellerspitze--Troi--Arzberg--Heiligenkreuzkapelle--Baierische- Rumpel--Pill--The Weerthal, Schloss Rettenberg; its spectre warder-- The Kolsassthal--Wattens--Walchen--Mols--The Navisthal--Lizumthal; the Blue Lake--Volders--Voldererthal--Hanzenheim--Friedberg--Aschbach, why it is in the parish of Mils--Hippolitus Guarinoni, page to St. Charles, physician of the poor; religious zeal; church of St. Charles, Servitenkloster, the Stein des Gehorsams; analogous legend--Rinn; S. Anderle's martyrdom; the Judenstein; lettered lilies--Aversion to Jews--Voldererbad--Ampass--Lans--The Patscherkofl--The Lansersee; the poor proprietor and the unjust noble--Sistrans; legend of its champion wrestler--Heiligenwasser 200

NORTH TIROL--THE INNTHAL.

INNSBRUCK.

NORTH TIROL--THE INNTHAL.

INNSBRUCK .

NORTH TIROL--OBERINNTHAL.

INNSBRUCK TO ZIRL AND SCHARNITZ--INNSBRUCK TO THE LISENS-FERNER.

Excursions from Innsbruck--M?hlau; new church; Baronin Sternbach --Judgment of Frau H?tt--B?chsenhausen--Weierburg--Mari?-Brunn-- Hottingen; monuments in the Friedhof--Schloss Lichtenthurm--The H?ttingerbild; the student's Madonna; stalactites--Excursion to Zirl--Grossen Herr-Gott Strasse--Kranebitten--The Schwefelloch-- The Hundskapelle--The Zirlerchristen--Gross Solstein--The Martinswand; danger of the Emperor Maximilian; Collin's ballad; who led the Kaiser astray?--His importance in Europe; efforts to rescue him; the Blessed Sacrament visits him; unknown deliverer --Martinsb?hl--Traditions of Kaiser Max--Zirl--Fragenstein; its hidden treasure--Leiten--Reit--Seefeld--The Heilige Blutskapelle --The Seekapelle--Scharnitz--Isarthal--Porta Klaudia--Dirsten?hl --The beggar-woman's prayer; vision of the peasant of Dorf 310

Unter-Perfuss--Selrainthal--The Melach--Rothenbrunn--Fatscherthal --The Hohe Villerspitz--Sonnenberg--Magdalenen-Br?ndl--Character of the Selrainthalers--Ober-Perfuss; Peter Anich--Kematen--V?ls; the Blasienberg; S. Jodok--The Galwiese--The Schwarze-Kreuzkapelle; H?lzl's vow--Ferneck--Berg Isel--Noise of the rifle practice--Count v. Stachel--Natters and Mutters--Waidburg--The Nockspitze--G?tzens --Schloss V?llenberg; Oswald v. Wolkenstein--Birgitz--Axams--The Sendersthal 329

W?LSCH-TIROL.

THE W?LSCHEROLISCHE-ETSCHTHAL AND ITS TRIBUTARY VALLEYS.

Val di Lagarina--Borghetto--Ala--Roveredo--Surrounding castles--Dante at Lizzana--The Slavini di S. Marco--La Busa del Barbaz; its myths--Serravalle--Schloss Junk--The Madonna del Monte--Industries--Chapel of S. Columban--Trent, Festa of St. Vigilius; comparison between Trent and Rome; the Domkirche; its notabilia; Sta. Maria Maggiore; seat of the council; assenting crucifix; centenary celebration; legend of the organ-builder--Church of St. Peter; Chapel of S. Simonin; club; museum; Palazzi; Palazzo Zambelli, Teufelspalast; its legend; General Gallas--The Madonna alle Laste; view of Trent--Dos Trento--St. Ingenuin's garden; St. Albuin's apples--Lavis--French spoliation--Restitution--W?lsch Michel 340

Tributary valleys--Val di Non; Annaunia--Rochetta Pass W?lschmetz--Visiaun--Spaur Maggiore--Denno--Schloss Belasis--The Seidenbaum--Tobel Wild-see--Cles; Tavola Clesiana; Roman remains; the Schwarzen Felder--SS. Sisinus, Martyrius and Alexander--Val di Sole--Livo--Magras; Val di Rabbi; San Bernardo--Mal?--Charles Quint's visit--Pellizano--Val di Pejo--Cogolo--Corno de' tre Signori--Val Vermiglio--Tonale; the witches' sabbath there--Tregiovo--Cloz--U-Liebe Frau auf dem Gampen--Fondo--Sanzeno--Legend of the three brothers: mithraic bas-relief--The Tirolean Petrarch--St. Romediusthal; legend of St. Romedius; angelic consecration; conversion of the false penitents; extraordinary construction and arrangement of the building; romantic situation; fifteen centuries of uninterrupted veneration--Castel Thun; attachment of the people to the family; a Nonesade; aqueduct--Dombel; its Etruscan key; its import 358

The Avisiothal--Val di Cembra; its inaccessibility--Altrei; presentation of colours--Fleimserthal; Cavalese; its church a museum of Tirolese Art; local parliament; legend of its site; handsome new church--Fassathal--Moena--Analogous English and French traditions--Marriage customs of the valley--The Feuriger Verr?ther--Vigo--The Marmolata; its legends--St. Ulrich 374

W?LSCH-TIROL.

VAL SUGANA--GIUDICARIA--FOLKLORE.

Val Sugana--Baselga--The Madonna di Pin?; legend of the Madonna di Caravaggio--Pergine; miners; the Canoppa--The Schloss--Marriage customs of the valley--Lake Caldonazzo--St. Hermes at Calzeranica--Bosentino--Nossa signora del Feles--The sleeper of Valle del Orco--Caldonazzo--Lafraun; legend of the disunited brothers--Borgo, the Italian Meran--Franciscan convent; Castel Telvana; dangers of a carneval procession; Count Welsburg's vow--Gallant border defences--Stalactite caves of Costalta--Sette Comuni--Castelalto--Strigno--Castelrotto--Cima d'Asta--Quarazza garnet quarry--Ivano--Grigno; Legend of St. Udalric--Castel Tesino--Canal San Bovo to Primiero--Tale of Virginia Loss; humble heroism--Le Tezze; modern heroes 382

Judicarien; its divisions--Castel Madruzz; Cardinal Karl Madruzz; his dispensation; its conditions--Abraham's Garden--Sta. Massenza; Bishop's Summer Palace--Loreto-kapelle--The Rendenathal; St. Vigilius; his zeal; early admission to the episcopate; missionary labours; builds churches; overthrows idols; his stoning; his burial; the rock cloven for his body to pass; the Acqua della Vela; the bread of Mortaso--S. Zulian; his legend; his penitence--Caresolo; its frescoes; another memorial of Charles Quint; his estimation of Jews--New churches--Legends of Condino and Campiglio--Riva on the Garda-see; its churches; its olive branches--The Altissimo di Nago; view from S. Giacomo; optical illusion--Brentonico--The Ponte delle Streghe--Mori; tobacco cultivation 400

Character of W?lsch-Tirol folklore--Orco-Sagen; his transformations in many lands; transliterations of his name in Tirol--The Salvan and Gannes; perhaps Etruscan genii--Salvanel; Bedelmon; Salvadegh--The Beatrik, identified with Dietrich von Bern--The Angane--What came of marrying an Angana--The focarelli of Lunigiana--The Fil?--Froberte--Donna Berta dal nas longh--The discriminating Salvan--The Angana's ring; tales of the Three Wishes and the Faithful Beasts; legend of the Drei Feyen of Thal Vent--Legend of St. K?mmerniss; her effigy in Cadore; the prevailing minstrel--Turlul?--Remnants of Etruscan language--'Storielle da rider'--The bear-hunters--The horrible snail--How to make a church tower grow--Social customs perhaps derived from Etruscan; similar to those of Lombardy and Lunigians--All Souls' Day; feast of Sta. Lucia; Christmas; St. Anthony's Day; Carneval; Giovedi de' Gnocchi; St. Urban--Popular sayings about thunder, crickets, brambles, cockchafers, swallows, scorpions--Astronomical riddles 408

Kufstein Frontispiece.

MAPS.

The Valleys of Tirol to face p. 12 Unterinnthal and Neighbourhood of Innsbruck 53 W?lsch-Tirol 341

THE VALLEYS OF TIROL THEIR TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS.

VORARLBERG.

. . . . . Everywhere Fable and Truth have shed, in rivalry, Each her peculiar influence. Fable came, And laughed and sang, arraying Truth in flowers, Like a young child her grandam. Fable came, Earth, sea, and sky reflecting, as she flew, A thousand, thousand colours not their own.--Rogers.

'Traditions, myths, legends! what is the use of recording and propagating the follies and superstitions of a bygone period, which it is the boast of our modern enlightenment to have cast to the winds?'

Such is the hasty exclamation which allusion to these fantastic matters very frequently elicits. With many they find no favour because they seem to yield no profit; nay, rather to set up a hindrance in the way of progress and culture.

Yet, on the other hand, in spite of their seeming foolishness, they have worked themselves into favour with very various classes of readers and students. There is an audacity in their imagery which no mere sensation-writer could attempt without falling Phaeton-like from his height; and they plunge us so hardily into a world of their own, so preposterous and so unlike ours, while all the time describing it in a language we can understand without effort, that no one who seeks occasional relief from modern monotony but must experience refreshment in the weird excursions their jaunty will-o'the-wisp dance leads him. But more than this; their sportive fancy has not only charmed the dilettante; they have revealed that they hold inherent in them mysteries which have extorted the study of deep and able thinkers, one of whom insisted, now some years ago, that 'by this time the study of popular tales has become a recognized branch of the studies of mankind;' while important and erudite treatises from his own pen and that of others have elevated it further from a study to a science.

All who love poetry and art, as well as all who are interested in the study of languages or races, all who have any care concerning the stirrings of the human mind in its search after the supernatural and the infinite, must confess to standing largely in debt, in the absence of more positive records of the earliest phases of thought, to these various mythologies.

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