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Read Ebook: An Outline of English Speech-craft by Barnes William
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Ebook has 852 lines and 34767 words, and 18 pages
Besides this open speech-breathing there are two kinds of breath-penning.
Then there are half-pennings of the sounding breath, which is more or less but not wholly pent, but allowed to flow on as through the nose in
as in the half-pent sounds--
half-pent by the tongue and mouth-roof.
There is word-strain and speech-strain.
The high speech-strain is the rising or strengthening of the voice on a word of a thought-wording.
Besides the word-strain and the speech-strain , there is a speech-tuning of the voice , which winds up or down with sundry feelings of the mind, and with question and answers and changes of the matter of speech.
THINGS AND THING-NAMES.
The names of things may be called THING-NAMES.
Thing Sundriness and Thing Mark-words.
Sundriness of Sex, Kindred, Youngness, and Smallness.
Marked by sundry names or mark-words, or mark endings.
Husband, wife. Father, mother. Brother, sister.
KINDRED, YOUNGNESS, OR SMALLNESS.
Father, son. Mother, daughter. Mare, foal. Hind, fawn. Cat, kitten. Duck, duckling. Goose, gosling. Ethel, etheling.
SMALL THINGS.
Lass, lassie. Dog, doggie.
Man, mannikin.
Butt, bottle . Pot, pottle. Nose, nozzle.
For bigness the English tongue wants name-shapes.
Bulfinch. Bullfrog. Bulhead . Bulrush. Bulstang . Bullspink. Bulltrout.
Horse-bramble. Horse-chesnut. Horse-laugh. Horse-leech. Horse-mushroom. Horse-mussel. Horse-tinger. Horse-radish.
Tomboy. Tomcat. Tomfool. Tomnoddy. Tomtit.
Sundriness in Tale.
Sundriness in Rank.
As the Welsh has no such mark-word, it might be thought that it cannot give these two sundry meanings; and the way in which it can offmark them shows how idle it is to try one tongue only by another, or to talk of the unmeaningness or uselessness of the Welsh word moulding.
Lash, lashes. Cat, cats. House, housen. Shoe, shoon.
Other thing mark-words offmark all of the things of a name or set from others of another name or set.
Many mark-words were at first thing-names.
Some mark-words are for a clear outmarking of things outshown from among others.
Outshowing Mark-words.
A thing may be marked by many mark-words, as 'the day,' 'the man is yet alive.'
A man may be beholden to the speech in three ways:--
He may be the speaker, called the First Person;
He may be spoken to, the Second Person ;
He may be spoken of, the Third Person ;
and some mark-words are for the marking of things without their names, both in tale and their sundry beholdenness to the speech:--
Here the sex is marked.
SUCHNESS OR QUALITIES,
Pitches of Suchness.
TIME-TAKING.
You cannot behold a thing in your mind otherwise than in or under some doing or in some form of being.
'Enaid yr ymadrod yw'r ferf.'
Among the thousands of sundriness of time-taking there are some wide differences which should be borne in mind.
Unoutreaching or Intransitive.
Time-takings, which must or may end with the time-taking thing, as
Outreaching .
Time-takings that may begin with the time-taking thing, and reach out to another, as
Time-giving.
We have hardly any of such words, though such are--
Lie, lay. Sit, set. Rise, raise.
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