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Read Ebook: The Penitente Moradas of Abiquiú by Ahlborn Richard E
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EDMONSON, p. 33.
Ibid., p. 18.
AASF, Patentes, book lxxiii, box 6.
"The Penitentes of the Southwest" .
DOM?NGUEZ, ms., from Biblioteca Nacional de M?jico, leg. 10, no. 46, p. 300.
Ibid., no. 43, p. 321.
CHAVEZ, "Penitentes," p. 100.
Another disturbing element in the religious history of Abiqui? was the disinterest of her settlers in the building and furnishing of Santo Tom?s Mission. Although the structure was completed in the first generation of settlement at Abiqui?, 1755 to 1776, Dom?nguez could report only two contributions from colonists, both loans: "In this room there is an ordinary table with a drawer and key ... a loan from a settler called Juan Pablo Martin ... the chalice is in three pieces, and one of them, for it is a loan by the settlers, is used for a little shrine they have." All mission equipment was supplied by royal funds except some religious articles provided by the resident missionary, Fray Fern?ndez, who finished the structure raised half way by his predecessor, Fray Juan Jos? Toledo. Both Franciscans found settlers busy with everyday problems of survival and resentful when called on to labor for the mission. The settlers not only failed to supply any objects, but when they were required to work at the mission, all tools and equipment had to be supplied to them.
Despite these detrimental influences, the mission at Abiqui? continued to grow. Between 1760 and 1793, the population increased from 733 to 1,363, making Abiqui? the third largest settlement in colonial New Mexico north of Paso del Norte . In 1795, the pueblo had maintained its size at 1,558, with Indians representing less than 10 percent of the population.
The mission served by Father Mart?nez in Taos bore resemblance to that at Abiqui?. Both missions rested on much earlier Indian settlements, but the Taos pueblo was still active. Furthermore, Taos and Abiqui? were buffer settlements on the frontier, where Indian raids as well as trade occurred. In 1827 a census by P. B. Pino listed nearly 3,600 persons at Taos and a similar count at Abiqui?; only Santa Fe with 5,700 and Santa Cruz with 6,500 were larger villages.
AASF, Loose Documents, Mission, 1782, no. 7.
Ibid., p. 123.
BANCROFT, p. 279.
AASF, Loose Documents, Mission, 1795, no. 13.
Ibid., 1796, nos. 6, 7.
Ibid., 1802, no. 18.
AASF, Loose Documents, Mission, 1820, nos. 12, 21.
Ibid., 1826, no. 7.
Don Antonio was less than eager to accept his first post; he had to be ordered to report to duty .
AASF, Patentes, 1831, book lxx, box 4, p. 25.
Ibid., book lxxiii, box 7.
AASF, Accounts, book lxii, box 5.
AASF, Loose Documents, Diocesan, 1856, no. 12.
TWITCHELL, pp. 533-534.
BANCROFT, p. 665.
TWITCHELL, p. 447.
AASF, Loose Documents, Mission, 1829 .
The 14th-century saint, John of Nepomuk, Bohemia , is known from a legend that states he was killed by King Wenceslaus for refusing to reveal secrets of the Queen, for whom he was confessor. The story notes that, after torture, John was drowned in the Moldau River, but that his body floated all night and, in the morning, was taken to the Church of the Holy Cross of the Penitents in Prague. After the martyred chaplain was canonized in 1729, his cult spread to Rome, then Spain, and, by 1800, into New Mexico.
Interviews with Abiqui? inhabitants: Delfino Garcia in summer 1963 and Agapita Lopez in fall 1966.
Ibid., pp. 107, 131 , 167.
Ibid., pp. 121-123.
AASF, Loose Documents, Mission, 1680-1850, and Accounts, books xxxxv and lxiv. Also in Wills and Hijuelas, State Records Center, and in Twitchell documents, Land Management Bureau, both offices in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
HENDERSON, pp. 13 , 26 , and 43-46 .
BOYD, in litt., Nov. 13, 1965.
WILDER and BREITENBACH, pls. 24, 25.
HENDERSON, p. 26.
JOS? ESPINOSA, op. cit., p. 75.
BOYD, in litt., Nov. 13, 1965. For a comparative illustration of St. Joseph, see WILDER and BREITENBACH, pl. 42.
EDMONDSON, p. 62.
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