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Read Ebook: An Outline of the Phonology and Morphology of Old Provençal by Grandgent C H Charles Hall
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Ebook has 351 lines and 64714 words, and 8 pages
AN OUTLINE OF THE PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF OLD PROVEN?AL.
VOWELS.
SOUND. SPELLINGS. EXAMPLES.
u?: see o?, ?
CONSONANTS.
SOUND. SPELLING. EXAMPLES.
There are some exceptions to the rule of the persistence of the accent in Vulgar Latin:--
QUANTITY.
ACCENTED VOWELS.
The development of the Vulgar Latin vowels in Proven?al will now be examined in detail:--
Many learned words, including proper names, have ? for e?: decr?t, Elizab?t, Moys?s, pant?ra, requi?s, secr?t , senc?r.
The breaking was probably due to a premature lifting of the tongue under the influence of a following high vowel or a palatal or velar consonant, or to a premature partial closure of the lips in anticipation of a following labial. Before i or a palatal the diphthong was at the start presumably ?o; before u or a labial or velar consonant, uo: from these two types, the first of which influenced the second, came the later developments. ? is a reduction of ?o or ?e; it apparently does not occur before u.
The dialect conditions are mixed, the development in each region depending somewhat on the following sound. In the southwest, ? and ue seem to prevail; in the northwest, ?; in the west, in Limousin, and in Auvergne, ?e; in Languedoc, ?o; in the east and south, ?e, ?o, ?.
The date of breaking is discussed in ? 30.
The date of the change of u? into ? is not known; there is no ? in Catalan, and there may have been none in early Gascon. It seems likely that the Celts, when they adopted Latin, pronounced ? a little further forward in the mouth than did the Romans; that their u? continued to advance gradually toward the front of the mouth until it became ?; and that this ? spread to the parts of France that were not originally Celtic. In the literary period the sound was probably ? in most or all of the Proven?al dialects.
UNACCENTED VOWELS.
INITIAL SYLLABLE.
INTERTONIC SYLLABLE.
PENULT.
FINAL SYLLABLE.
The four classes of groups will now be examined in detail:--
M and n, when final, were weak and indistinct from the earliest times, except in monosyllables; by the 3d or 4th century they had probably disappeared altogether from the end of polysyllables: damnu, no?me; but jam, non.
Qu, gu before o or u were reduced to c, g in the 1st or 2d century: see W.
INITIAL CONSONANTS.
SINGLE INITIAL CONSONANTS.
INITIAL GROUPS.
MEDIAL CONSONANTS.
The vocalization of l before s is a different phenomenon from the foregoing. See ? 65, L.
SINGLE MEDIAL CONSONANTS.
C, from the 4th to the 6th century, was voiced to g, and then developed like any other g. See G.
G, representing original c and g, had a varied development. For the fall of g in some words in Vulgar Latin, see ? 55, G.
G? became y during the Vulgar Latin period . See Y.
L? will be considered, as ly, under Groups, ? 73, Ly.
N? will be considered, as ny, under Groups, ? 73, Ny.
W will be considered, as gw, under Groups, ? 72, ?w.
X is a symbol for ks: see Groups, ? 79, Ks.
Y, representing Latin dy, g?, gy, j, and z had a varied development.
MEDIAL GROUPS.
G?r: see Yr.
Lr usually remained unaltered, but in some dialects became ldr: v?l?r' h?be?o > valrai valdrai, ?v?l?r' h?be?o > volrai voldrai.
Cc?y: see C?y.
Dy: see ? 55, Y and ? 65, Y.
Gdy: see ? 80, Gd.
Gy: see ? 55, Y and ? 65, Y.
Kwy: see Cy.
Lly: see Ly.
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