Read Ebook: Stjärnornas kungabarn 2: De tre En tids- och karaktersstudie från drottning Kristinas dagar by Topelius Zacharias

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INTRODUCTION 5

HISTORY OF TRUCK LOGGING 5 First use of motor truck in logging--Development of logging trailer--Possibilities in the use of motor trucks.

TRANSPORTATION OF LOGS--RAILROADS VERSUS MOTOR TRUCKS 7 Comparative advantages and uses of motor trucks and railroads-- Relative cost of road construction--Advantage of flexibility of motor trucks.

COSTS 8 Operating costs of a typical 5-ton truck--Actual cash outlay-- Total expense--Variable charges--Recapitulation of work performed.

ROLLING STOCK EQUIPMENT 10 Rigid versus flexible truck bodies--Chain drive versus worm drive--Weight of trucks--Speed--Depreciation.

INSURANCE 14 Fire and theft insurance--Collision insurance--Liability insurance--Property damage insurance.

TRUCK EQUIPMENT 14 Bunks--Tires--Relative advantages of different types of tires --Laws governing operation of motor vehicles--Legal limit of weight of load--Chain drives--Tops.

TRAILERS 17 Draw-bar pull of motor trucks--Effect of grades on draw-bar pull--Advantage of trailer--Description of trailer--Brakes on trailer--Air brakes on trailers.

LIFE AND DEPRECIATION 20

COST DATA 20 Operating expenses for 3 1/2 and 5-ton trucks--Fixed charges-- Total expenses.

ROAD CONSTRUCTION 24 Sub-grade--Cross-plank roads--Fore and aft pole roads--Cement roads--Guard rails--Cost of road construction.

BRIDGES 36

TURNING DEVICES AND TURNOUTS 37 Construction of turn-tables--Turning of trucks.

TELEPHONES 39

INCLINES 39 Snubbing methods--Practicability of inclines.

YARDING 41

LOADING AND HAULING 41 Methods of loading trucks--Loading with boom--Rigging of boom--Unloading.

TIME STUDIES 45

CONCLUSION 46 Future use of the motor truck--Motor trucks and forestry.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 48

INTRODUCTION

In this paper an attempt has been made to bring together some useful facts concerning the application of the motor truck to the logging industry. The term "motor truck" as here used is applied to the ordinary truck type of motor vehicle with trailer adapted to carrying logs, and does not include the "tractor" and the "caterpillar tractor." These latter types present special problems of their own. In the following pages the discussion of motor truck logging is premised upon conditions as they exist in the forests of the Pacific Northwest.

HISTORY OF TRUCK LOGGING

Motor trucks in the logging industry are a comparatively recent development. As nearly as can be determined, the first use of a truck in a logging operation was made in this region by Palms and Shields near Covington, Washington, in the spring of 1913. Since that time various types of road construction suitable for heavy trucks have been devised and the use of the motor truck for logging has steadily increased until at the present time there are about six hundred trucks operating in the woods in the Northwest.

The first real progress in the use of the motor truck for logging purposes came with the development of the trailer. Although the motor truck has been brought to its present high state of perfection in eastern factories the problem of adapting it to the hauling of massive logs was solved in Seattle, Washington, with the perfecting of a trailer which could carry unprecedented loads and stand up under the speed attained by a motor truck. In the early attempts to design a trailer, it was found that too great tractive effort on the part of the truck was required if the trailer was patterned after older types with simply increased dimensions in all of its parts. Through successive improvements the modern form of heavy duty trailer was finally evolved. It has solved a serious problem by permitting the hauling of heavier weights with the aid of the trailer than is possible with the use of the truck alone. With the help of the trailer and an adjustable reach, the motor truck has successfully entered the logging field.

In the Pacific Northwest tracts of timber of sufficient area well situated for economical logging by old established methods are no longer plentiful. Almost every logging chance which exists today presents its own peculiar conditions and individual problems. An operator must therefore analyze the situation thoroughly before arriving at a decision as to the most economical logging methods that will apply in any particular case. Even in different sections of the same operation it is often necessary to use different methods. Since proper cost accounting systems are not usually kept by logging companies, particularly the smaller concerns, these companies often do not know that they are losing money upon one part of an operation because the success of the whole absorbs this loss.

The use of a motor truck has proved to be practicable in many instances, and bids fair to become of increasing importance. It will therefore be advantageous for every operator to inquire into its possible applications. It should be emphasized, however, that the motor truck is not economically adapted to all conditions. There have been many failures. Each projected application of the motor truck in the logging field must be thoroughly analyzed and if a doubt as to its successful performance exists, expert advice should be sought.

TRANSPORTATION OF LOGS--RAILROADS VERSUS MOTOR TRUCKS

The principal methods of transporting logs are by rail, by motor truck and by animal power. The last of these methods is, for obvious reasons, impracticable in the Northwest, and so needs no further comment. While it is impossible to give specific details in a general discussion of this kind to show where the motor truck may be more economically suited to the conditions at hand than the railroad, a comparison of the fundamental principles involved should enable any operator familiar with logging to determine whether or not to use the truck for his particular chance.

In general the choice between railroad and motor truck logging depends, fundamentally, upon two things: comparative cost, and adaptability. Sufficient motive power and rolling stock can be obtained much more cheaply for motor truck logging than for a railroad. There are, of course, many situations where the locomotive and car costs, as well as those of constructing a logging railroad, are obviously prohibitive, and the question revolves entirely upon the adaptability of the motor truck to existing conditions. There is no question at all that the logging railroad is not adapted to small, isolated ng, som p?kallade hennes bist?nd. Det var presidentskans ringklocka. Den n?diga frun l?g d?r hj?lpl?s och gr?tande, nerv?st ot?lig i den ?fvergifna bel?genhet, som f?r henne var s? ovanlig.

-- Finnes h?r ingen lefvande varelse? Jag har ringt en half timme, och ingen h?r mig. O, jag d?r, vi f?rg?s, och de stackars barnen, lefva de ?n? G?, Hagar, se ?t, om de ?ro vid lif, och hj?lp dem, du, som ensam kan r?ra dig! Min Gud, hvarf?r skulle vi gifva oss ut p? detta f?rskr?ckliga haf? Fartyget g?r i stycken, det kan ej uth?rda, vi skola aldrig se Sverige mer, det ?r ute med oss!

Hagar -- ty det var hon, det var hafvets vilsna sp?n, lekbollen f?r lifvets v?gor, den fader- och moderl?sa fr?n Kaskas torp -- Hagar sprang till barnens hytt, fann dem sofvande, fann guvernanten i det bedr?fligaste l?ge p? golfvet, men utan fara f?r lifvet, och ?terv?nde till presidentskan med denna lugnande underr?ttelse.

-- Hagar -- sade den hj?lpl?sa frun, midt under gr?t och suckar bem?dande sig att l?gga band p? sin ot?lighet -- jag har ej alltid varit god mot dig, och du har fel, barn, stygga fel ... Men jag har l?tit dig k?nna din st?llning mer ?n jag bort. Ser du, det ?r f?r att presidenten varit f?r svag f?r dig, och det har ej varit nyttigt f?r dig ... Du ?r ett underligt barn, Hagar ... Jag inbillar mig ibland, att du har ett hj?rta ... som nu ... Jag ?r stundom n?ra att h?lla af dig ... som nu, n?r du ensam tjenar och uppmuntrar oss alla. Kom hit, jag vill kyssa dig ... s?! H?r ?t, om presidenten beh?fver n?got ... och g? sedan till barnen, l?mna dem icke! Jag fruktar, att om vi ?n en g?ng upplefva en s? fruktansv?rd st?t, som f?r en stund sedan, skola de sm? kastas ur b?ddarna och sl? ihj?l sig.

Hagar gick med en undrande, ovan k?nsla. Hon hade f?r tv? ?r sedan upptagits som ett v?rnl?st barn i presidentens hus. Den n?diga frun hade icke varit elak emot henne, men alltid lika kall, lika fordrande, lika tillr?ttavisande, som presidenten varit eftergifven och n?stan faderligt ?m mot sin guddotter. Presidenten Kurck var lika l?rd, som han var m?ktig och rik; han kunde ej d?lja sin svaghet f?r detta beg?fvade barn; han gjorde allt f?r att bereda henne den undervisning hon s? h?gt efterl?ngtade och som stod att f? hos den nya akademins professorer i ?bo. Men under allt detta hade Hagar i det f?rn?ma huset varit ett mellanting mellan fosterdotter och tjensteflicka, i studerkammaren en prinsessa, i familjen mindre ?n guvernanten, mindre ?n kammarjungfrun, afundad, klandrad, misst?nkt af tjenarinnorna, som r?ttade sig efter den n?diga frun, smickrad af tjenarne, som f?ljde sin herres f?red?me. Barnen stodo p? Hagars sida; de ?ldre s?nerne f?r, d?ttrarna mot. Hennes ?de var att misshaga sitt eget k?n och behaga det andra.

Hon f?ljde familjen Kurck till Sverige i samma ovissa mellanst?llning af h?lften fosterdotter, h?lften domestik, kl?dd som d?ttrarna och delande familjens m?ltider, men i ?frigt skickad i alla sysslor med tjenarne. Nu gl?mde hon allt f?r gl?djen att f? se n?got nytt och storartadt, att f? se detta Sverige och dess hufvudstad, hvilka icke blott f?r det afl?gsna, underordnade Finland, utan ock f?r m?nget m?ktigare europeiskt land vid denna tid h?grade p? afst?nd som en vagga f?r hj?ltar, en str?mmande k?lla af kraft och snille.

N?r Hagar tr?dde fr?n hytten ut i kajutkampagnen, m?tte henne en l?jlig syn af m?nskligt el?nde. Pressad af vinden, hade briggen fortfarit att kr?nga betydligt, sopande hafvet med sina r?nockar i l?. P? kajutans lutande golf kraflade en m?nsklig varelse, badande i en r?daktig v?tska, som luktade starkt krusmynta, ett d? vanligt preservativ mot sj?sjuka. Hagar igenk?nde hofm?staren Antonius Pape, nu som alltid v?l friserad, i kr?s, livr?, kn?byxor, silkesstrumpor och skor med silfversp?nnen, s?som etiketten fordrade vid presidenten Kurcks hof, men i en allt annat ?n hofm?ssig bel?genhet. Bredvid honom l?g en s?nderslagen karaff, hvars sk?rfvor s?rat hans h?gra hand och som troligen inneh?llit rosenvatten, prepareradt med mynta. Den olycklige hade, i ett ?fverm?tt af nit, f?rdristat sig ut p? det hala f?r att bereda sin husbonde en vederkvickelse och l?g nu d?r som en halshuggen tupp, hvilken fl?ktar med vingarna, ur st?nd att resa sig.

-- Hvad ?r det? h?rdes presidentens r?st fr?n hytten.

-- Ack, n?dig herre, f?rl?t, jag ?r d?dens man; jag bl?der ihj?l!

-- Det ?r icke farligt, det ?r en rispa i handen, f?rs?krade Hagar, under f?f?nga f?rs?k att uppresa den fallne.

-- Ack, du s?ta lilla ?ngel, hj?lp mig nu i min sista stund; du ser ju mitt blod rinna i b?ckar p? golfvet! kved den olycklige hofm?staren, i det han grep flickans hand och f?r hvarje rullning af fartyget ?ter tumlade kull med hufvudet ned i l?sidans grop. -- Hj?lp mig p? f?tter, k?ra kattunge, eller l?t mig ?tminstone d? med hufvudet upp?t, jag har redan f?tt slag! Du ?r ju s? godt som mitt eget gudbarn; jag har varit med p? din kristning, du lilla v?lsignade tatterska!

I detsamma erinrade han sig, att hans herre med mera sk?l kunde g?ra anspr?k p? titeln af gudfar, och tillade:

-- Ja, jag menar hans n?ds guddotter, och si d?rf?r m?ste du hj?lpa mig, n?r jag l?ter mitt lif f?r min husbonde ...

-- Pape skulle krypa l?ngs v?ggen till trappan, s? skall jag hj?lpa honom till hans s?ng; icke d?r han af den rispan, tr?stade Hagar med illa dold munterhet.

Hofm?staren f?ljde r?det och lyckades slutligen uppn? den s?kra hamn, som han aldrig bort ?fvergifva.

Hagar knackade p? presidentens d?rr.

-- Stig in!

Den m?ktige magnaten l?g d?r lika hj?lpl?s som hans ringaste tjenare, men han beh?ll sitt klara hufvud och var klok nog att i stillhet inv?nta b?ttre tider.

-- Befaller ers n?d n?got? Hennes n?d ?r orolig f?r ers n?ds h?lsa.

-- S?g henne, att jag m?r v?l och beder henne gifva sig t?lamod. Huru befinna sig barnen?

-- De hafva ?tit en sm?rg?s och sofva redan.

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