: The History of Cuba vol. 3 by Johnson Willis Fletcher - Cuba History; Cuba Economic conditions

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Conditions at the Beginning of the Era of Revolution--Cuba's Commercial Backwardness--Resources Unappreciated--Statistics of Imports and Exports--The Sugar Trade--Burdensome Taxes and Tariffs--Restrictions on Personal Liberty--Obstacles to Travel--Titles of Nobility--The Intendent and His Powers--Authority and Functions of the Captain-General--District Governments--Municipal Organization--The Courts--Control of the Navy--Censorship of the Press--Adversion to Foreigners, Particularly to Americans.

Narciso Lopez and His Career--His Valor in the Venezuelan Wars--A Soldier of Spain--Some Daring Exploits--With the Spanish Army in Cuba--His Distinguished Career in Spain--A Leader Against the Carlists--General and Senator--Important Office in Cuba--Alienation from Spain--First Plans for Cuban Revolution.

Betrayal of Lopez's First Revolutionary Venture--His Flight to New York--Cuban Juntas in the United States--Lopez's Negotiations with Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee--Unofficial American Aid--Strained American Relations with Spain--Official Warnings Against Filibustering--An Elaborate Expedition Prepared by Lopez in the United States for the Freeing of Cuba--His Proclamation to His Followers--The Voyage to Cuba.

The Landing of Lopez at Cardenas--The Flag of Cuba Libre for the First Time Unfurled on Cuban Soil--Parleying and Fighting at Cardenas--Spanish Treachery--Failure of the Cuban People to Rally to the Support of Lopez--Retreat and Reembarcation of the Expedition--Mutiny of the Crew--Landing at Key West--Spanish Wrath Against the United States--Arrest of Lopez and His Comrades--Their Release.

Administration of Concha and His Recall--Second Expedition of Lopez Recruited in the United States--Men and Money Provided in the South--Betrayal of the Scheme--Proclamation of the Captain-General--Disturbances in Cuba--Third Expedition of Lopez Organized--Aguero's Attempt at Revolution at Puerto Principe--His Proclamation--Initial Victories Over the Spaniards--A Fatal Mistake--Suppression of the Revolution by Overwhelming Numbers--Execution of the Leaders--Suppression of Other Uprisings.

Another Expedition Organized by Lopez--Its Roster--Departure from New Orleans--Colonel Crittenden--Arrival at Key West--The Landing in Cuba--Lack of Cuban Support--Fatal Division of Forces--Desperate Fighting with Spaniards--Crittenden's Mistake--Capture of the Revolutionists by the Spaniards--Indignities and Tortures--Fifty-Two Put to Death--Heroism of Crittenden--Ill Fortune of Lopez--Betrayal and Capture of Lopez and His Comrades--His Death on the Scaffold.

Failure and Success of Lopez--Irrepressible Determination of Cuba to Be Free--Crisis in the Affairs of Spain--Animosity Between Creoles and Spaniards--Expressions of Cuban Sentiment and Determination--Profound Impression Produced in the United States--Opposing Views of Pro-Slavery and Anti-Slavery Men--Attitude of Great Britain and France--Anti-Spanish Outbreak in New Orleans--Webster's Diplomacy--England and France Warned Not to Meddle in Cuba--Spain's Appeal to England Against America--Tripartite Pact Refused.

American Overtures for the Purchase of Cuba--Some Early Diplomacy--Change of Policy Under President Polk--Spain's Refusal to Consider Sale--Pierre Soule's Extraordinary Negotiations--The Black Warrior Controversy--Soule's Humiliation--The Ostend Manifesto--Marcy's Shrewd Disposition of It--Buchanan's Futile Persistence.

Revolution in Peninsular Spain--General Prim's Proclamations--General Response Throughout the Kingdom--Serrano's Entry Into Madrid--Flight of the Queen--Republican Government Established--Downfall of Maximilian in Mexico--Change in American Attitude Toward Cuba Because of the Civil War and Abolition of Slavery--Organization of the Spanish "Volunteers" in Cuba--The Moret Anti-Slavery Law--Cuban Interest in the Spanish Revolution.

Cuban Independence Proclaimed at the Outbreak of the Ten Years' War--Provisional Government Organized--Carlos Manuel Cespedes--Proclamation of Emancipation--Representative Government Formed--Cespedes's Address--The First Cuban Constitution--The House of Representatives--Presidential Proclamation--Proclamation of General Quesada--Proclamation of Count Valmaseda--Request for Recognition--The "Juntas of the Laborers"--Cuban Government and Laws--Organization of the Cuban Army.

Beginning of Hostilities--Comparative Strengths of the Cuban and Spanish Armies--The Spanish Navy--Pacific Measures First Tried by Captain-General Dulce--Their Rejection by the Cubans--The First Engagements--Cuban Victories--Destruction of Bayamo--Revolts in Many Places--Murder of Cespedes's Messenger by Volunteers--Guerilla Warfare--Havana in a State of Siege--Progress of the Insurrection Throughout the Island--Dulce's Change of Policy--Sympathy and Aid for the Revolution from the United States.

An Appeal to the United States for Recognition--President Grant Overruled by His Secretary of State--Americans Stirred by News of Spanish Cruelties--Cuban Disappointment at Non-Recognition--Progress of the War--Spanish Reenforcements--Liberation of Slaves--Spanish Successes--Controversies with the United States--Destruction of Property--Arrival of General Jordan with Supplies--Dulce Forced Out of Office by the Volunteers--Accession of Rodas and His Decrees--The "Butcher of Cadiz"--American Protests Against Interference with Commerce--Proposals of Mediation--More Aid from the United States.

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