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is, that he becomes entitled to all the privileges of a subject of the state of his new allegiance, except that when he is within his first state he becomes liable for the performance of any obligation which he may have incurred prior to his naturalization.
A state may determine what conditions must be fulfilled in order to constitute a valid severance of allegiance. Laws are diverse upon this subject. Many states have maintained, and some still maintain, that allegiance is inalienable. England formally maintained this principle till 1870, and her attempts to enforce the principle brought on the War of 1812 with the United States.
In certain countries, as in the United States and Switzerland, minor children are held to follow the allegiance of their father in case of naturalization. The French law claims that the minor child's nationality is that of his birthplace. The subject has been determined in some instances by treaty stipulation, yet must be considered, like many questions of naturalization, as unsettled.
Many states distinguish in law and more in practice between that naturalization which carries with it protection of the state and allegiance of the subject and that naturalization which carries full political privileges .
The position in the Koszta case, where the claim to the protection of the United States was made when the inchoate citizen was in trouble, and the claim of the inchoate citizens to renounce their allegiance when the state was in difficulties, show some of the problems to which the diverse laws and practices in regard to naturalization have given rise.
The municipal laws of some of the local states of the United States admit to all political privileges of the local state those who have taken the first steps toward naturalization. It is generally conceded that such as have exercised the privileges of full citizens can properly be held to the obligations of full citizens, as was declared in the above proclamation.
The inconsistencies in regard to jurisdiction over those naturalized or incompletely naturalized are gradually yielding to treaty provisions which distinctly determine the position of such persons.
? 60. Jurisdiction over Aliens
Citizens of one state, when sojourning in a foreign state, have a dual relationship by which they may claim certain privileges, both from their native state and from the foreign state.
All these laws are subject to the exemptions in favor of sovereigns, diplomatic agents, etc.
Good only for two years from date.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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