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: The Rise and Fall of Anarchy in America From its Incipient Stage to the First Bomb Thrown in Chicago by McLean George N - Anarchists United States; Haymarket Square Riot Chicago Ill. 1886
onality were neither raised nor decided in the State courts, and therefore cannot be considered.
The writ of error prayed for was consequently denied.
There was no dissenting opinion.
"I am a helpless prisoner, completely in the power of the authorities, but I strongly protest against being taken from my cell and carried to the penitentiary as a felon. Therefore, in the name of the people, whose liberty is being destroyed; in the name of peace and justice, I protest against the consummation of this judicial murder, this proposed strangulation of freedom on American soil. I speak for myself, I know not what course others may pursue, but for myself I reject the petition for my imprisonment. I am innocent, and I say to you that under no circumstances will I accept a commutation to imprisonment. In the name of the American people I demand my right--my lawful, constitutional, natural, inalienable right to liberty. Respectfully yours,
"A. R. PARSONS, Prison Cell 29."
On receipt of the decision of the Federal Court not to interfere in the anarchists case, the doomed men were sullen. Louis Lingg, the bomb-maker, was blatant and defiant, and said to his attendants, "I will never die on the scaffold," he continued, "I hate and defy you all." A week before the execution Lingg said: "I approach my last moment cheerfully, but I will not go alone." This was significant language, and no doubt was an allusion to the fact that he intended to use the bombs, afterwards found in his cell for the purpose of producing an explosion in the jail that might have resulted in the death of scores of victims. Lingg, Engel, Fischer and Parsons refused absolutely and persistently to sign any petition to His Excellency, Governor Oglesby, for executive clemency in the commutation of their sentence to imprisonment. The following is a copy of letters from Lingg, Engel and Fischer to Governor Oglesby. They demand liberty or death:
COOK COUNTY JAIL, November 1.--An open letter to Mr. R. J. Oglesby, Governor of the State of Illinois.
So, I say, society may hang a number of disciples of progress who have disinterestedly served the cause of the sons of toil which is the cause of humanity, but their blood will work miracles in bringing about the downfall of modern society, and in hastening the birth of a new era of civilization. Magna est veritas et prevalebet!
ADOLPH FISCHER.
A LETTER TO GOVERNOR OGLESBY
Respectfully, GEORGE ENGEL.
AN OPEN LETTER.
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