: The Pedestrian's Guide through North Wales A tour performed in 1837 by Bennett G J George John Clint Alfred Illustrator - Wales North Description and travel

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PREFACE

The peasantry are simple, honest, and obliging; and, as they trudge along, a spirit of freedom sparkles in their eyes, and seems to animate every action of their unfettered limbs. Though their fare is humble, they enjoy it with an appetite to which the bracing air of their hills, and their happy ignorance of luxuries, give an enviable zest. Drunkenness is a vice almost unknown among these primitive mountaineers: milk is their common beverage, oatmeal cakes, and potatoes, with a plentiful supply of trout from their native streams, form their chief summer food; while, in winter, dry salted beef and mutton serve to satisfy their utmost wishes.

"Though poor the peasant's hut, his feasts tho' small, He sees his little lot the lot of all.

Dear is that shed to which his soul conforms, And dear that hill which lifts him to the storms. And, as a child, when scaring sounds molest, Clings close and closer to the mother's breast, So the loud torrent, and the whirlwind's roar, But bind him to his native mountains more."

DIRECTIONS TO THOSE UNACQUAINTED WITH THE WELSH LANGUAGE.

A knowledge of the Welsh alphabet is indispensable to those who are desirous of correctly pronouncing the necessary questions and answers that transpire upon the road. The names of places must effectually puzzle any tourist, who is not acquainted with the peculiar sound of each letter, particularly where there are many consonants in a word. In order therefore to aid the traveller in Wales, I have selected the following rules.

In the Welsh alphabet there are no mutes; and all letters that are circumflex must be pronounced long, as

B?n like the English Bone. Bin, as Been. C, as Can, but never soft as in City. Ch, is pronounced as the Greek ?. Dd, as the English Th in theme. F, as V in English. Ff, as F and double F in English. G, as G in good, but never soft as in genial. I, as I in king but never as in fire. Ll, as L aspirated. Th, as in thought. U, as I in the English words bliss, kiss &c. W, as double O in good, wood. Y, as U in burn, but in the last syllable of a word; and in all monosyllables except Y, Ydd, Ym, Yn, Yr, Ys, Fy, Dy, Myn, it is like I in Sin.

GLOSSARY.

Ap, or Ab, is prefixed to proper names, and signifies, the son of. Aber, the fall of one water into another, a confluence. Am, about, around. Ar, upon, or bordering upon. Avon, or Afon, a river. Ban, high, lofty, tall. Bach, little, small. Bedd, a grave, a sepulchre. Bettws, a station between hill and vale. Blaen, a point or end. B?d, a residence. Braich, a branch. Bron, the breast or slope of a hill. Bryn, a hill, a mount. Bychan, little. Bylch, a gap or pass. Cader, a chair. Caer, a city. Capel, a chapel. Carn, a heap. Carnedd, a heap of stones. Careg, a stone. Castell, a castle, fortress. Cil, a retreat, a recess. Clawdd, a hedge, a dyke. Clogwyn, a precipice. Coed, a wood. Cors, a bog, a fen. Craig, a rock or craig. Croes, a cross. Cym, a valley or glen. Dinas, a fort, a city, or a fortified place. Dol, a meadow or dale in the bend of the river. Drws, a doorway, a pass. D?, black. Dwfr or Dwr, water. Dyffryn, a valley. Eglwys, a church. Ffordd, away, a road a passage. Ffynnon, a well, a spring. Garth, a hill bending round. Gl?n, a brink or shore. Gl?s, bluish or greyish green. Glyn, a glen or valley through which a river runs. Gwern, a watery meadow. Gwydd, a wood. Gwyn, white, fair. Llan, a church, a smooth area, an inclosure. Llwyn, a grove. Maen, a stone. Mawr, great. Moel, a smooth conical hill. Mynydd, a mountain. Nant, a ravine, a brook. Newydd, new, fresh. Pant, a hollow or valley. Pistyll, a spout, a cataract. Plas, a hall or palace. Plwyf, a parish. Pont, a bridge. Porth, a ferry, a port, a gateway. Pwll, a pit or pool. Rhaiadr, a cataract. Rhiw, an ascent. Ryhd, a ford. Sarn, a causeway, a pavement. Tal, the front or head, also tall. Traeth, a sand or shore. Tre or Tref, a home, a town. Twr, a tower. Ty, a house. Y, the, of. Yn, in, at, into. Ynys, an island. Ystrad, a vale, a dale. Yspytty, a hospital, an almshouse.

INTERJECTIONS.

As there are many interjectional adverbs made use of in the following pages, a glossary of them might prove useful.

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